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China’s First-to-File Trap: Lock Your Trademark Before You Launch

February 7, 2026
brand protection china

TL;DR: In China, the first person to file a trade mark usually gets the rights, so filing early is the cheapest way to avoid being blocked, ransomed, or forced into a messy rename.

Key takeaways:

  • File before your brand becomes public, not after you start talks with distributors or list online.
  • Protect your Chinese name as well as your English name, because the market will use one either way.
  • Run similarity checks and choose the right classes, or you can “win” a registration that does not protect what you sell.
  • Monitor after filing, because copycats and lookalike applications are easier to stop early.

 


 

You can spend years building a brand, then lose the name in China in weeks if someone files first. China is largely first-to-file, so if you plan to enter the market, filing early is the simplest way to protect your name and avoid a costly scramble later.

First-to-File in China

First-to-File in China

Filing first usually beats using first

Under the first-to-file approach, the applicant who files earlier usually gets the right, even if another party used the brand elsewhere for years. That is why “china trademark first to file” is not just a keyword, it is the core risk you need to manage before you spend on launch.

Why it trips up foreign brands

China processes a huge number of applications, so filing date is a clean, admin-friendly way to decide priority. For foreign businesses, the trap is assuming that overseas registrations or early marketing activity will protect you in China by default.

The uncomfortable truth

If your brand name is visible online, it is visible to opportunists and competitors. If your brand becomes interesting, someone may file it first, then use that leverage to block you, sell it back, or file complaints against your listings.

The real-world risks before you enter the market

  • You can be blocked at the border and online: If someone else owns the China mark, they can challenge your use on platforms and in distribution, which can stall sales right when you launch.
  • The “nice to have” mark becomes a business-critical asset: In China, a trade mark supports licences, listings, and partner confidence, so not controlling it slows deals.
  • Similar marks are a bigger problem than you think: Many conflicts come from similar names in the same class, so exact-match searching is guesswork.
  • Your Chinese name is its own battlefield: If you do not choose and file a Chinese name early, someone else can own it and force you to pay or switch names.

 

Brand protection China plan

Step 1: Decide what you are actually protecting

Start with a shortlist of the brand assets that matter most: name, logo, slogan, product line names, and any key Chinese-language version. If you have multiple brands, prioritise the one that will carry your revenue and your reputation.

Step 2: Map your goods and services properly

China trade marks use classes and item descriptions, so your protection is only as good as your scope. If you pick the wrong class or a vague item, you can win the certificate and still lose the practical right you needed.

Step 3: Run a similarity search, not just an exact search

A proper search looks for close spellings, sound-alikes, look-alikes, and Chinese character variants. This is where you spot conflicts early and decide whether to adjust the mark, narrow the scope, or file a defensive strategy.

Step 4: File before your market entry becomes public

If you are building a China route to market, file while you are still in planning mode, not after your first distributor meeting. The earlier filing date is your insurance policy.

Step 5: Build a defensive coverage layer

Many brands file their primary class and ignore adjacent classes that counterfeiters love. A modest defensive layer can reduce copycat activity and reduce the chance that someone blocks you from expansion later.

Step 6: Monitor and act, because filing is not the finish line

After filing, you still need monitoring for similar applications, bad-faith filings, and risky uses. If something appears, early action is cheaper than late litigation.

 

Common Mistakes

Waiting for sales before filing

It feels rational to “prove the market” first, but that delay is exactly what creates the first-to-file vulnerability. If your brand has any potential, you should treat early filing as part of market entry costs.

Filing only in English

In practice, your Chinese name will appear whether you plan it or not. If you do not control it, you are letting the market decide your identity, and you are giving others the chance to own it.

Choosing the cheapest filing path with no strategy

A bare filing may get submitted quickly, but it can also leave gaps, trigger objections, or lock you into a weak scope. When the mark is a core asset, strategy beats shortcuts.

Waiting to enforce

Copycats rarely stop because you asked politely, and platforms move faster when you have clear rights. If you want practical brand protection in China, you need a plan for monitoring and escalation.

 

How the China Trademark Process Typically Flows

Filing and formal check

Once your application is filed, it goes through formal checks to confirm paperwork, applicant details, and the claimed goods and services. Errors here can cause delays that you could have avoided with careful preparation.

Substantive examination

The examiner assesses whether the mark is distinctive and whether it conflicts with earlier marks in the same or related scope. This is where similarity issues and scope problems show up.

Publication and challenge window

If preliminarily approved, the mark is published and third parties can raise objections during the opposition period. This is one reason monitoring matters, both for your own applications and for similar marks filed by others.

Registration and ongoing maintenance

If it clears the challenge stage, the mark proceeds to registration. After that, you still need renewals, monitoring, and a strategy for enforcement and brand usage.

 

Filing by Stage

If you are selling online first

File before you launch listings, before your product is sent to fulfilment, and before your brand appears in promotional campaigns. Online visibility can trigger copycat filings faster than you expect.

If you are using distributors or agents

File before you share detailed product catalogues and before you give partners marketing assets. Most partners are legitimate, but a good plan assumes risk and reduces incentives for bad behaviour.

If you are opening a local entity later

You do not need to wait for a China company structure to start IP protection. Many foreign brands file trade marks early while they set up the business, licences, and compliance track.

 

Choosing the Right Trademark Partner

A trademark filing is not just a form submission, it is a business decision that affects sales channels, partnerships, and expansion options. The right support helps you avoid weak scope, missed deadlines, and avoidable disputes.

Choosing the Right Trademark Partner

What good support looks like in practice

  • Application filing and process management: Handles documents and deadlines properly so the process does not drag or derail.
  • Monitoring and rights protection: Watches for risky filings and supports enforcement steps when platforms or disputes come up.
  • Trademark search and risk check: Checks similar marks and scope fit so you avoid refusals and costly rework.

 

If you want a clear view of what the service typically covers, see this China trademark registration service.

 

Why Choose Tannet

Tannet helps cross-border teams protect their brands with steady follow-through, from the early risk check to filing, monitoring, and handling issues when they pop up.

With 26+ years of experience supporting 100,000+ clients across 130+ countries, plus China and Hong Kong coverage in one place, you get fewer handoffs and a cleaner path from paperwork to real-world protection.

 

Ready to protect your brand before you enter China

If you are planning market entry, do not let a preventable first-to-file problem decide your brand’s future.Talk to Tannet about a China trade mark strategy that matches how you will actually sell, distribute, and scale.

Book a consultation with us.

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